[Pneumomediastinum during a dermatomyositis: a rare entity]. / Pneumomédiastin au cours d'une dermatomyosite, une entité rare: à propos d'un cas.

Dermatomyositis is a connective characterized by inflammation of skeletal muscle with cutaneous manifestations. Their etiologies, still unknown, associate environmental and genetic factors. Among lung complications described, interstitial pneumopathies are common complications. Other complications are rarely reported as pneumomediastinum. We report a case of pneumomediastinum with aeric in massive skin dissection occurred in a patient with dermatomyositis. We will discuss the frequency, causes and pathophysiology of the disease according to the literature.

Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst: a rare cause of ascites.

BACKGROUND: Hydatid disease is endemic in certain areas of the world and it is located mostly in the liver. Intraperitoneal rupture is rare. Rupture may result from trauma or may occur spontaneously from increased pressure of the cystic fluid. Ruptured hydatid cyst is a rare cause of ascites, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in endemic areas. The diagnosis of ruptured hydatid cyst should be prompt because it requires emergency intervention. CASE PRESENTATION: The present case refers to a 62 year old Tunisian male admitted in our institution for diffuse abdominal distension. Physical examination was unremarkable except for the presence of ascites. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a large amount of fluid into the peritoneal cavity associated with many intraperitoneal cysts with a scalloping on the liver. It showed also a heterogeneous cystic lesion of the segment II of the liver. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed in addition a fat infiltration and a thickening of the peritoneum. Thus intraperitoneal hydatid cyst rupture was suspected and emergency laparotomy was performed. A yellow serous fluid , containing many daughter vesicles disseminated through the peritoneal cavity was noted. A mass consistent with a hydatid cyst was noted at segment II of the liver with a tear on the inferior surface. Thus, intraperitoneal rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The rupture of hydatid cyst into the peritoneal cavity is rare but presents a challenge for the radiologist and the surgeon. This condition is included in the differential diagnosis of ascites in endemic areas.

Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus on MDCT: a rare intracardiac mass.

Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus is a rare form of chronic degenerative process in the mitral valve fibrous ring with a mass-like appearance that has to be in the differential of the radiologist and cardiologist. We present the case of an 82-year-old woman in whom a tumor-like calcified mass in the posterior side of the mitral valve annulus was detected at echocardiography, and the diagnosis of caseous calcification was confirmed on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). The diagnostic features of this rare cardiac mass are described.

[Diagnostic and surgical strategy for parathyroid adenoma]. / Stratégie diagnostique et chirurgicale de l'adénome parathyroïdien.

From a retrospective study carrying on 8 patients operated for sporadic parathyroid adenoma, we underline the place of medical imagery which allowed the detection of parathyroid adenoma in 7 cases. For all our patients the exploration of thyroid space was bilateral, seeking parathyroid glands. The authors discuss the stages and the various processes of the surgical strategy for parathyroid glands' exploration.

[Primary renal non-Hodgkin lymphoma]. / Lymphome non-Hodgkinien rénal primitif.

Primary renal non Hodgkin lymphoma is rare and unusual because the renal parenchyma does not have lymphatics. We report a case of bilateral primary lymphoblastic T lymphoma presenting with renal insufficiency in a 14 year old girl. We discuss clinical, pathological particularity and prognosis.